Destination: Phobos (one of the two moons of Mars)
Launch date: October 20, 2026
Launch site: Yoshinobu Launch Complex at the JAXA Tanegashima Space Center
Eduardo Kac, Echoes of a Spiral Drift, 2026, Unicode symbols, dimensions variable; space artwork launched to Phobos, one of the two moons of Mars, aboard JAXA's MMX spacecraft, integrated into a microchip. Credit: Kac Studio.
On August 06, 2026, Echoes of a Spiral Drift was installed on the Idefix rover, which flew to the Mars system attached to Jaxa's MMX spacecraft. The photo shows the integration of the SD card containing Echoes of a Spiral Drift to the Idefix rover (see a photo of the certificate below). Credit: JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). JAXA'S MMX certificate issued to Eduardo Kac on January 3, 2026. Credit: JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). Eduardo Kac's Echoes of a Spiral Drift is stored, together with other files, on an SD card embedded in the Idefix rover. This is the same type of card commonly used in small electronic devices. On July 28, 2026, the official MMX and Idefix Instagram accounts confirmed that Kac’s contribution had been uploaded to the SD card and “safely tucked onboard the MMX spacecraft, ready to travel hundreds of millions of kilometres" to the Martian system. This image shows Phobos behind Mt. Sharp in 2014, as seen by the rover Curiosity from the surface of Mars. Credit: NASA / JPL / MSSS / Justin Cowart. Image of Phobos taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on March 23, 2008. This image was taken from a distance of about 6,800 kilometers (about 4,200 miles). Phobos, the larger and inner moon of Mars, is an irregularly shaped, heavily cratered body (approx. 22 km wide or 13.6 miles) orbiting just 6,000 km (about 3,800 miles) from the surface every 7.7 hours. Phobos orbits Mars three times a day, and is so close to the planet's surface that in some locations on Mars it cannot always be seen. Like Earth's moon, Mars' moons Phobos and Deimos are "tidally locked" on their planet, that is, they always present the same side to the planet they orbit. Credit: NASA. This 2014 image from India’s Mars Orbiter Mission shows Phobos, the larger of Mars’s two moons, whose mean diameter is 14 km. Deimos is covered with a thick layer of dust therefore it has little surface details. Image credit: ISRO/ISSDC. Simplified diagram showing JAXA's MMX spacecraft flying to Phobos in late 2026 (taking advantage of the Earth-to-Mars transfer alignment during that period). Credit: JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). Render visualizing the Idefix rover on the surface of Phobos. The four-wheeled rover has a roughly rectangular body measuring approximately 9 × 15 × 16 inches (23 × 38 × 41 cm). Its overall dimensions will increase once its solar panels are deployed. Although it weighs about 55 pounds on Earth, it will weigh only half an ounce in the extremely weak gravity of Phobos. Idefix is a French-German rover. MMX means Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission. If the MMX ultimate goal ― to land on the Mars' moon Phobos, collect samples, and return to Earth ― is achieved, this will mark the world's first round-trip sample return mission to the Mars system. Idefix is set to play a crucial role in the mission once deployed to the surface of Phobos. It will explore this very-low-gravity environment and assist the Japanese probe in collecting the samples. The outbound and return legs of the MMX probe are similar in duration (~1 year each), but the mission includes an extended ~3-year stay at the Martian system for science operations. MMX is expected to return to Earth in 2031. Echoes of a Spiral Drift will stay on Phobos permanently aboard the Idefix rover. Credit: DLR/CNES. JAXA's Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission launched from the Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC) on October 20, 2026, aboard an H3 rocket. Credit: JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency).
Echoes of a Spiral Drift
Eduardo Kac
Echoes of a Spiral Drift is a space artwork I created to travel to the Mars system, as part of JAXA’s Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission. Launched on October 20, 2026, the work is currently journeying to Phobos, one of the red planet’s two moons, installed directly on the Idefix rover. As I have done previously with Ágora and Monogram, this work extends artistic practice into interplanetary space, using the mission itself as both medium and context.
This work unfolds as a continuous field of Unicode symbols (arrows, circles, stars) interrupted, resumed, repeated, assembled into a visual syntax at once archaic and extraterrestrial. Stripped of alphabetic language, it gestures toward motion, contrast, cycles, and intervals. Meaning emerges obliquely, through rhythm and recurrence rather than instruction, inviting the viewer to read it intuitively, the way one reads constellations or signals: for orientation, resonance, and the quiet sense that something is passing, looping, and returning. What it offers is a trajectory, a way of sensing direction and duration through a system of signs that feels both machine-native and strangely intimate.
The artwork is a massless payload. It is stored on an SD card mounted on the Idefix rover, alongside other mission files. The SD card is attached to the underside of a solar panel that, once deployed, will keep the card facing the ground. The deployment of Idefix is planned for late 2028 or early 2029, after a period of Phobos observation from Mars orbit. If MMX succeeds in releasing the rover to the surface of Phobos, Echoes of a Spiral Drift will remain in orbit around Mars for millions of years.
MMX is designed to arrive at Mars in 2027, study Phobos and Deimos through 2030, and return to Earth in 2031, with the sample capsule expected to land in Australia. The outbound and return voyages of the MMX probe each last about a year, with an extended three-year stay in the Martian system for scientific operations. Led by JAXA and supported by international partners including ESA, NASA, CNES, and DLR, the mission seeks to determine the origin of Mars’s moons and deepen our understanding of the Martian environment.
Japan's prior successes with Hayabusa and Hayabusa2 — culminating in the return of asteroid material to Earth — place MMX in a line of Japanese sample-return missions. Within that continuity of exploration, my artwork participates as a quiet companion, journeying outward, carrying human expression to Phobos and, ultimately, there leaving a trace of what cannot be measured.
MMX Mission Details
Launch time Japan: October 20, 4:41:03 AM
Launch time Chicago: October 19, 2:41:03 PM
Launch vehicle: H3 Flight No. 10.
Launch site: Tanegashima Space Center, Japan.
Summer 2027: Planned arrival in the Martian system.
Late 2028 or early 2029: IDEFIX rover expected to operate on Phobos.
